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The Potential of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-Based Neurofeedback—A Systematic Review and Recommendations for Best Practice
5959 Views •The Potential of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-Based Neurofeedback—A Systematic Review and Recommendations for Best Practice
4569 Views •Praxisnaher Zugang zu neuartigem Neurofeedback-Training
3757 Views •Introduction to HEG neurofeedback by Dr. Ernesto Korenman
2970 Views •Hemoencephalography - a practical approach to Neurofeedback
2122 Views •The Potential of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-Based Neurofeedback—A Systematic Review and Recommendations for Best Practice
2933 Views •Clinical usefulness of hemoencephalography beyond the neurofeedback
3111 Views •Train the Brain: Concentration training by HEG neurofeedback
3929 Views •Insights in EEG versus HEG and RT-FMRI Neuro Feedback Training for Cognition Enhancement
3567 Views •The Potential of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-Based Neurofeedback—A Systematic Review and Recommendations for Best Practice
5959 Views •The Potential of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-Based Neurofeedback—A Systematic Review and Recommendations for Best Practice
4569 Views •Train the Brain: Concentration training by HEG neurofeedback
3929 Views •Praxisnaher Zugang zu neuartigem Neurofeedback-Training
3757 Views •Insights in EEG versus HEG and RT-FMRI Neuro Feedback Training for Cognition Enhancement
3567 Views •Clinical usefulness of hemoencephalography beyond the neurofeedback
3111 Views •Introduction to HEG neurofeedback by Dr. Ernesto Korenman
2970 Views •The Potential of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-Based Neurofeedback—A Systematic Review and Recommendations for Best Practice
2933 Views •Hemoencephalography - a practical approach to Neurofeedback
2122 Views •Instructions for HEG neuro Connector (German)
898 Views •Instructions for HEG neuro (German)
742 Views •Instructions for HEG neuro Connector (ENGLISH)
535 Views •Instructions for HEG neuro Connector (ITALIAN)
499 Views •Instructions for HEG neuro (ENGLISH)
432 Views •Instructions for HEG neuro (POLISH)
430 Views •Instructions for HEG neuro Connector (POLISH)
382 Views •Instructions for HEG neuro Connector (FRENCH)
364 Views •Instructions for HEG neuro (FRENCH)
312 Views •Instructions for HEG neuro (ITALIAN)
308 Views •The Potential of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-Based Neurofeedback—A Systematic Review and Recommendations for Best Practice
Background: The effects of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-neurofeedback on brain activation and behaviors have been studied extensively in the past. More recently, researchers have begun to investigate the effects of functional near-infrared spectroscopy-based neurofeedback (fNIRS-neurofeedback). FNIRS is a functional neuroimaging technique based on brain hemodynamics, which is easy to use, portable, inexpensive, and has reduced sensitivity to movement artifacts.
Method: We provide the first systematic review and database of fNIRS-neurofeedback studies, synthesizing findings from 22 peer-reviewed studies (including a total of N = 441 participants; 337 healthy, 104 patients). We (1) give a comprehensive overview of how fNIRS-neurofeedback training protocols were implemented, (2) review the online signal-processing methods used, (3) evaluate the quality of studies using pre-set methodological and reporting quality criteria and also present statistical sensitivity/power analyses, (4) investigate the effectiveness of fNIRS-neurofeedback in modulating brain activation, and (5) review its effectiveness in changing behavior in healthy and pathological populations.
Results and discussion: (1–2) Published studies are heterogeneous (e.g., neurofeedback targets, investigated populations, applied training protocols, and methods). (3) Large randomized controlled trials are still lacking. In view of the novelty of the field, the quality of the published studies is moderate. We identified room for improvement in reporting important information and statistical power to detect realistic effects. (4) Several studies show that people can regulate hemodynamic signals from cortical brain regions with fNIRS-neurofeedback and (5) these studies indicate the feasibility of modulating motor control and prefrontal brain functioning in healthy participants and ameliorating symptoms in clinical populations (stroke, ADHD, autism, and social anxiety). However, valid conclusions about specificity or potential clinical utility are premature.
Conclusion: Due to the advantages of practicability and relatively low cost, fNIRS-neurofeedback might provide a suitable and powerful alternative to EEG and fMRI neurofeedback and has great potential for clinical translation of neurofeedback. Together with more rigorous research and reporting practices, further methodological improvements may lead to a more solid understanding of fNIRS-neurofeedback. Future research will benefit from exploiting the advantages of fNIRS, which offers unique opportunities for neurofeedback research.
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